Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Smith DC[original query] |
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From people to Panthera: Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions at the Bronx Zoo (preprint)
McAloose D , Laverack M , Wang L , Killian ML , Caserta LC , Yuan F , Mitchell PK , Queen K , Mauldin MR , Cronk BD , Bartlett SL , Sykes JM , Zec S , Stokol T , Ingerman K , Delaney MA , Fredrickson R , Ivančić M , Jenkins-Moore M , Mozingo K , Franzen K , Bergeson NH , Goodman L , Wang H , Fang Y , Olmstead C , McCann C , Thomas P , Goodrich E , Elvinger F , Smith DC , Tong S , Slavinski S , Calle PP , Terio K , Torchetti MK , Diel DG . bioRxiv 2020 2020.07.22.213959 We describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection detected in animals in the United States. In March 2020, four tigers and three lions at the Bronx Zoo developed mild respiratory signs. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by rRT-PCR in respiratory secretions and/or feces from all seven affected animals; viral RNA and/or antibodies were detected in their keepers. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from respiratory secretions or feces from three affected animals; in situ hybridization co-localized viral RNA with cellular damage. Whole genome sequence and haplotype network analyses showed tigers and lions were infected with two different SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting independent viral introductions. The source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lions is unknown. Epidemiological data and genetic similarities between keeper and tiger viruses indicate human to animal transmission.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. |
From People to Panthera : Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo.
McAloose D , Laverack M , Wang L , Killian ML , Caserta LC , Yuan F , Mitchell PK , Queen K , Mauldin MR , Cronk BD , Bartlett SL , Sykes JM , Zec S , Stokol T , Ingerman K , Delaney MA , Fredrickson R , Ivančić M , Jenkins-Moore M , Mozingo K , Franzen K , Bergeson NH , Goodman L , Wang H , Fang Y , Olmstead C , McCann C , Thomas P , Goodrich E , Elvinger F , Smith DC , Tong S , Slavinski S , Calle PP , Terio K , Torchetti MK , Diel DG . mBio 2020 11 (5) Despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has killed millions. Zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which presumably originated from an animal reservoir, has killed more than half a million people around the world and cases continue to rise. In March 2020, New York City was a global epicenter for SARS-CoV-2 infections. During this time, four tigers and three lions at the Bronx Zoo, NY, developed mild, abnormal respiratory signs. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions and/or feces from all seven animals, live virus in three, and colocalized viral RNA with cellular damage in one. We produced nine whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the animals and keepers and identified different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes in the tigers and lions. Epidemiologic and genomic data indicated human-to-tiger transmission. These were the first confirmed cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 animal infections in the United States and the first in nondomestic species in the world. We highlight disease transmission at a nontraditional interface and provide information that contributes to understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission across species.IMPORTANCE The human-animal-environment interface of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important aspect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that requires robust One Health-based investigations. Despite this, few reports describe natural infections in animals or directly link them to human infections using genomic data. In the present study, we describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions in the United States and provide epidemiological and genetic evidence for human-to-animal transmission of the virus. Our data show that tigers and lions were infected with different genotypes of SARS-CoV-2, indicating two independent transmission events to the animals. Importantly, infected animals shed infectious virus in respiratory secretions and feces. A better understanding of the susceptibility of animal species to SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and identify potential reservoirs and sources of infection that are important in both animal and human health. |
Early growth parameters as predictors of developmental delay among children conceived during the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in northeastern Brazil
Rose CE , Bertolli J , Attell JE , Moore CA , Melo F , Kotzky K , Krishna N , Satterfield-Nash A , Pereira IO , Pessoa A , Smith DC , Santelli Acfes , Peacock G . Trop Med Infect Dis 2020 5 (4) BACKGROUND: Identifying infants with congenital infection for early intervention will likely be challenging in future Zika virus outbreaks. We investigated indicators of risk for developmental delay among children born with and without obvious manifestations of congenital Zika virus infection. METHODS: We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraíba, Brazil. We analyzed data from children at birth; ages 1-7 months and approximately 24 months, using medical records (i.e., anthropometric measurements diagnoses), medical evaluation (i.e., Zika/other laboratory tests, dysmorphic features), and parent report (seizures, developmental delay). We used a Bayesian modeling approach to identify predictors of developmental delay. RESULTS: Head circumference (HC) and length at birth and rates of growth for HC and length at follow-up were consistent across domains of developmental delay; (e.g., for every 1 cm per month decrease in HC growth rate; there was a corresponding decrease in the gross motor z-score). Modeling results indicated that HC and length at birth, and follow-up HC and length rates of growth, were predictive of developmental delay. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that accurate measurement and frequent monitoring of HC and length, especially in the first few months of life, may be useful for identifying children possibly congenitally exposed to Zika virus who could benefit from early intervention services. |
Functional outcomes among a cohort of children in northeastern Brazil meeting criteria for follow-up of congenital Zika virus infection
Bertolli J , Attell JE , Rose C , Moore CA , Melo F , Staples JE , Kotzky K , Krishna N , Satterfield-Nash A , Pereira IO , Pessoa A , Smith DC , Faria e Silva Santelli AC , Boyle CA , Peacock G . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 102 (5) 955-963 Following the large outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere, many infants have been born with congenital Zika virus infection. It is important to describe the functional outcomes seen with congenital infections to allow for their recognition and appropriate interventions. We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraiba, Brazil, who were approximately 24 months old, to assess functional outcomes. All children met either anthropometric criteria or laboratory criteria suggestive of possible congenital Zika virus infection. We collected results of previous medical evaluations, interviewed parents, and performed physical examinations and functional assessments, for example, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE). We compared patterns of neurologic outcomes and developmental delay at age 24 months by whether children met anthropometric or laboratory criteria, or both. Among children meeting both criteria, 60% (26/43) were multiply affected (had severe motor impairment, severe developmental delay, and suboptimal HINE scores), compared with 5% (3/57) meeting only laboratory criteria and none (0/20) meeting only anthropometric criteria. Of the remaining 91 children, 49% (45) had developmental delay, with more severe delay seen in children meeting both criteria. Although children meeting physical and laboratory criteria for potential congenital Zika virus infection were more severely affected, we did identify several children with notable adverse neurologic outcomes and developmental delay with no physical findings but potential laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection. Given this, all children who were potentially exposed in utero to Zika virus should be monitored in early childhood for deficits to allow for early intervention. |
The Legacy for Children randomized control trial: Effects on cognition through third grade for young children experiencing poverty
Perou R , Robinson LR , Danielson ML , Claussen AH , Visser SN , Scott KG , Beckwith L , Katz L , Smith DC . J Dev Behav Pediatr 2019 40 (4) 275-284 OBJECTIVE: In an effort to promote the health and developmental outcomes of children born into poverty, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conceptualized and designed the Legacy for Children (Legacy) public health prevention model. This article examines the impact of Legacy on children's cognitive and language development (intelligence quotient [IQ], achievement, language skills, and early reading skills) using both standardized assessments and parent-reported indictors through third grade. METHODS: Data were collected from 2001 to 2014 from 541 mother-child dyads who were recruited into the 2 concurrent randomized controlled trials of Legacy in Miami and Los Angels. Cognitive and/or language outcomes of children were assessed annually from age 2 to 5 years as well as during a follow-up visit in the third grade. RESULTS: Children experiencing Legacy at the Los Angeles site had significantly higher IQ and achievement scores at 2 and 6 years postintervention, equivalent to approximately one-third of an SD (4 IQ points). IQ results persisted over time, and the difference between intervention and comparison groups on achievement scores widened. There were no significant differences in cognitive outcomes in the Miami sample. There were no significant differences in language outcomes for either site. CONCLUSION: Legacy shows evidence of effectiveness as an intervention to prevent cognitive delays among children living in poverty. The mixed findings across sites may not only reflect the impact of heterogeneous risk profiles noted by other intervention research programs but also warrant additional study. |
Behavioral and socioemotional outcomes through age 5 years of the Legacy for Children public health approach to improving developmental outcomes among children born into poverty
Kaminski JW , Perou R , Visser SN , Scott KG , Beckwith L , Howard J , Smith DC , Danielson ML . Am J Public Health 2013 103 (6) 1058-66 OBJECTIVES: We evaluated Legacy for Children, a public health strategy to improve child health and development among low-income families. METHODS: Mothers were recruited prenatally or at the birth of a child to participate in Legacy parenting groups for 3 to 5 years. A set of 2 randomized trials in Miami, Florida, and Los Angeles, California, between 2001 and 2009 assessed 574 mother-child pairs when the children were 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months old. Intent-to-treat analyses from 12 to 60 months compared groups on child behavioral and socioemotional outcomes. RESULTS: Children of mothers in the intervention group were at lower risk for behavioral concerns at 24 months and socioemotional problems at 48 months in Miami, and lower risk for hyperactive behavior at 60 months in Los Angeles. Longitudinal analyses indicated that children of intervention mothers in Miami were at lower risk for behavior problems from 24 to 60 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: Randomized controlled trials documented effectiveness of the Legacy model over time while allowing for implementation adaptations by 2 different sites. Broadly disseminable, parent-focused prevention models such as Legacy have potential for public health impact. These investments in prevention might reduce the need for later intervention strategies. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 18, 2013: e1-e9. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300996). |
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